Icyo iki kizamini kikubwira
DNS isubira inyuma ishobora gufasha gusobanura ikirango gihujwe na seriveri cyangwa aderesi y’umuyoboro. Ifasha gusuzuma itandukaniro ry’amazina, cyane cyane ku bikorwa remezo bya imeyili. Izina rya seriveri risa n’iryumvikana rikomeza kuba ikirango kigenzurwa n’uyicunga: n’iyo kugenda no kugaruka byemejwe, ntibyemeza umwirondoro w’umuntu cyangwa serivisi.
Uko wakora ikizamini
- Injiza aderesi rusange ya IPv4 cyangwa IPv6 yo gusuzuma, ugaragaze neza umuryango wayo.
- Kora ishakisha kandi usuzume ibisubizo bya PTR bya buri seriveri ikemura amazina n’uko igisubizo gihagaze.
- Soma ukwemezwa ko buri zina ryagarutswe ryerekeza imbere kuri aderesi, hamwe n’inyandiko zibura cyangwa amakosa y’ishakisha.
Uko gupima bikora
Seriveri ikora izina rya DNS risubira inyuma kandi ikabaza seriveri zigenwe zikemura amazina inyandiko zerekana, cyangwa PTR. Hanyuma ishakisha inyandiko za A cyangwa AAAA kugira ngo igenzure IP y’umwimerere.
DNS ya sisitemu n’iza DNS-over-HTTPS zo hanze zishobora kubazwa. Kugenzura imbere bikoresha ishakisha rusange rifite imipaka ku muryango wa aderesi w’umwimerere; amakosa atandukanywa no kutahuza kwagenzuwe byuzuye.
Gusobanukirwa ibisubizo byawe
- Izina ryemejwe mu nzira ijya imbere
- PTR yerekana izina igisubizo cyaryo cya A cyangwa AAAA kirimo IP y’umwimerere. Isano y’amazina irahuza muri iri shakisha.
- PTR itemejwe
- Izina ryagarutswe ntirisubiza aderesi mu igenzura ryarangiye. Ibi bishobora guterwa n’inyandiko zishaje, imiterere y’amazina yateguwe ku bushake cyangwa ikibazo cy’igenamiterere.
- Nta PTR cyangwa ntibizwi
- Ishakisha ryagenze neza rishobora kutabona izina risubira inyuma. Amakosa ya seriveri ikemura amazina cyangwa igenzura rijya imbere rituzuye bituma iyo sano itamenyekana.
Gereranya mbere na nyuma
- Bika IP, umuryango wayo, ibisubizo by’abakemura amazina, amazina n’igihe inyandiko zimara mbere yo guhindura DNS.
- Hindura inyandiko imwe ya PTR cyangwa ijya imbere bireba niba uyicunga, hanyuma usubiremo ishakisha rimwe.
- Zirikana inyandiko zabitswe by’agateganyo mbere yo kugereranya ukwemeranya kw’abakemura amazina. Tandukanya kutahuza kwagenzuwe byuzuye n’ishakisha ryananiranye.
Imbogamizi z’ikizamini
- DNS isubira inyuma akenshi icungwa n’utanga aderesi aho gucungwa na nyiri domaine.
- Ikimenyetso cy’ukemura amazina cyo kwemeza DNSSEC kireba amakuru ya DNS yagenzuwe, si umwirondoro cyangwa ukwizerwa kwa serivisi yahawe izina.
Icyo wahindura, niba bikenewe
- Seriveri ya imeyili ibura izina risubira inyuma rikenewe
- Baza utanga IP ibijyanye no gushyiraho PTR kandi uhuze inyandiko ijya imbere igenewe, hanyuma wongere ugerageze ububiko bw’agateganyo bumaze kurangira.
- Abakemura amazina ntibahuza nyuma yo kuvugurura
- Genzura inyandiko zemewe n’igihe zimara mbere yo kongera kuzihindura.
Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa
Kubura PTR ni garanti y’ibanga?
Oya. Bisobanura gusa ko nta zina risubira inyuma ryagaruwe; andi makuru y’umuyoboro aracyaboneka.
Nshobora guhindura izina rya IP iyo ari yo yose?
Oya. Kugenzura igice gisubira inyuma ubusanzwe ni iby’umuryango ucunga igice cya aderesi.